Ama-polymers aphelele - ama-polymers alinganisa izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nemiphumela yemvelo - awekho, kodwa i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) iseduze nokuphelela kunabaningi.
Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka yokwehluleka ukumisa imikhiqizo yabo egcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu kanye nolwandle, abenzi be-polymer bokwenziwa bangaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo. Abaningi baphindaphinda imizamo yabo yokukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha ukuze bagweme ukugxekwa. Ezinye izinkampani zizama ukubhekana nenkinga kadoti ngokutshala imali kumapulasitiki asuselwa ku-biodegradable bio-based njenge-polylactic acid (PLA) kanye ne-polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), ngethemba lokuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kuzodambisa okungenani enye imfucuza.
Kodwa kokubili ukugaywa kabusha kanye nama-biopolymers abhekana nezithiyo. Ngokwesibonelo, naphezu kweminyaka yemizamo, i-United States isasebenzisa kabusha amapulasitiki angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi. Futhi ama-polymers asekelwe ku-bio - imvamisa imikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa - athwala kanzima ukuze afinyelele ukusebenza nesikali sama-polymer okwenziwa okuhloswe ukuwashintsha.
I-PBAT ihlanganisa ezinye zezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zama-polymers okwenziwa kanye ne-bio-based. Itholakala emikhiqizweni evamile ye-petrochemical - i-refined terephthalic acid (PTA), i-butanediol ne-adipic acid, kodwa i-biodegradable. Njenge-polymer yokwenziwa, ingakhiqizwa kalula ngobuningi, futhi inezinto ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ukwenza amafilimu aguquguqukayo aqhathaniswe nalawo amapulasitiki endabuko.
Inzalo ku-PBAT iyanda. Abakhiqizi abasunguliwe njenge-BASF yaseJalimane kanye neNovamont yase-Italy babona ukwanda kwesidingo ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka okuthuthukisa imakethe. Bajoyinwa abakhiqizi base-Asia abangaphezu kwengxenye yeshumi nambili abalindele ukuthi ibhizinisi le-polymer lichume njengoba ohulumeni bezifunda bephusha ukusimama.
UMarc Verbruggen, owayeyi-CEO yomkhiqizi we-PLA i-NatureWorks futhi manje ongumeluleki ozimele, ukholelwa ukuthi i-PBAT “iwumkhiqizo we-bioplastic oshibhile futhi olula kakhulu ongawenza” futhi ukholelwa ukuthi i-PBAT isiba i-bioplastic eguquguqukayo evelele, Ingaphambi kwe-poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) kanye nezimbangi ze-PHA. Futhi kungenzeka ikleliswe eceleni kwe-PLA njengamapulasitiki amabili abaluleke kakhulu angaboli, athi agcina esewumkhiqizo ohamba phambili wezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile.
URamani Narayan, uprofesa wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali e-Michigan State University, uthe indawo yokuthengisa eyinhloko ye-PBAT - i-biodegradability yayo - ivela kumabhondi e-ester, kunokuba i-carbon-carbon skeleton kuma-polymers angaboli njenge-polyethylene. Amabhondi e-Ester afakwa kalula emanzini futhi alinyazwe ama-enzyme.
Isibonelo, i-polylactic acid ne-PHA ziyi-polyester ezehlisayo lapho ibhondi ye-ester iphuka. Kodwa i-polyester evame kakhulu - i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), esetshenziselwa imicu namabhodlela e-soda - ayiphuli kalula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indandatho enamakha kuhlaka lwamathambo ayo ivela ku-PTA. NgokukaNarayan, izindandatho ezinikeza izakhiwo zesakhiwo nazo zenza i-PET hydrophobic. "Amanzi akulula ukungena kuwo futhi anciphisa yonke inqubo ye-hydrolysis," esho.
I-Basf yenza i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), i-polyester eyenziwe nge-butanediol. Abacwaningi benkampani babheke i-polymer ebolayo abangayikhiqiza kalula. Bashintshe i-PTA ethile ku-PBT nge-adipose diacid glycolic acid. Ngale ndlela, izingxenye ezinephunga elimnandi ze-polymer zihlukaniswa ukuze zikwazi ukubola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PTA eyanele ishiywe ukunikeza izakhiwo ze-polymer ezibalulekile.
UNarayan ukholelwa ukuthi i-PBAT ibola kancane kune-PLA, edinga umquba wezimboni ukuthi ubole. Kodwa ayikwazi ukuncintisana nama-PHA atholakala ngokwentengiso, abolayo ezimweni zemvelo, ngisho nasezindaweni zasolwandle.
Ochwepheshe bavame ukuqhathanisa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-PBAT ne-polyethylene ephansi, i-polymer enwebekayo esetshenziselwa ukwenza amafilimu, njengezikhwama zikadoti.
I-PBAT ivamise ukuxutshwa ne-PLA, i-polymer eqinile enezakhiwo ezifana ne-polystyrene. Ibhrendi ye-Ecovio ye-Basf isuselwe kule nhlanganisela. Isibonelo, i-Verbruggen ithi isikhwama sokuthenga esivundisiwe ngokuvamile siqukethe u-85% we-PBAT no-15% we-PLA.
I-Novamont ingeza esinye isici ku-recipe. Inkampani ixuba i-PBAT namanye ama-polyester anephunga elimnandi e-aliphatic anesitashi ukuze yakhe izinhlaka zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
UStefano Facco, umphathi omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi wale nkampani, uthe: “Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, iNovamont igxile ekusetshenzisweni lapho amandla okwehlisa izinga engeza inani kumkhiqizo ngokwawo. “
Imakethe enkulu ye-PBAT i-mulch, esakazwa eduze kwezitshalo ukuvimbela ukhula nokusiza ukugcina umswakama. Lapho kusetshenziswa ifilimu ye-polyethylene, kufanele idonswe futhi ivame ukungcwatshwa ezindaweni zokulahla. Kodwa amafilimu e-biodegradable angatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini.
Enye imakethe enkulu izikhwama zikadoti ezivundisiwe zesevisi yokudla kanye nokuqoqwa kwasekhaya kokudla kanye nemfucuza yasegcekeni.
Izikhwama ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-BioBag, esanda kutholwa yi-Novamont, sezidayiswe kubathengisi iminyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 26-11-21