Ama-polymers aphelele - ama-polymers alinganisela izakhiwo zomzimba nemiphumela yezemvelo - awukho, kepha u-polybutylene terephthalate (Pbat) usondele ekupheleleni kunabaningi.
Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka yokwehluleka ukuvimba imikhiqizo yabo igcina ekugcwalisweni komhlaba kanye nolwandle, abenzi bokwenziwa ama-polymer bangaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo. Abaningi bavuselela imizamo yabo yokukhuthaza ukuphindaphindeka ukuze bakhiphe ukugxekwa. Ezinye izinkampani zizama ukubhekana nenkinga yemfucuza ngokutshala imali kumapulasitiki asuselwa ku-bio asuselwa ku-bio (PLA) kanye nePolyhydroxy acid esters (Pha), ngethemba lokuwohloka kwemvelo kuzodambisa okungenani eminye imfucuza.
Kepha bobabili ababuyiseli kanye ne-biopolymers babhekana nezingqinamba. Isibonelo, naphezu kweminyaka yemizamo, i-United States isalokhu ivuselela amaphesenti ayishumi amapulasitiki. Kanye nama-polymers asuselwa ku-bio - imvamisa imikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa - azabalaza ukufeza ukusebenza kanye nezikali zama-polymers zokwenziwa ahloselwe ukuthatha indawo.
I-Pbat ihlanganisa ezinye zezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zama-polymers asuselwa ku-bio. Itholakala emikhiqizweni ejwayelekile ye-petrochemical - i-terephthalic acid (PTA), i-butanediol ne-adipic acid, kepha iyinto eyingqayizivele, kepha ayinakusebenza. Njenge-polymer yokwenziwa, ingakhiqizwa kalula, futhi inezindawo ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ukwenza amafilimu aguqukayo aqhathaniswe nalawo amapulasitiki wendabuko.
Intshisakalo ePbat isekhuphukeni. Abakhiqizi abasungulwe njenge-basf yaseJalimane ne-Italy's Novamont babona ukwanda kwesidingo ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka akhulisa imakethe. Zijoyine abakhiqizi abangaphezu kwengxenye ye-Asia abalindele ukuthi ibhizinisi le-polymer lichume njengohulumeni besifunda bacindezela ukusimama.
I-Marc Verbruggen, i-CEO yangaphambilini yoMkhiqizi Womkhiqizi We-Pla manje futhi manje i-Pbat Consultant, ikholelwa ukuthi i-Pbat "i-Bioplastic Product yokwakha i-bioplatical eguqukayo, ingaphezulu kwe-poly anyamukeli butanediol ester ( Pbs) kanye nabaqhudelanayo. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe eceleni kwe-PLA njengama-plastistics amabili abaluleke kakhulu e-bioderides, athi ngokuba ngumkhiqizo ovelele wezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile.
URamani Narayan, uprofesa wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali eMichigan State University, kusho iphuzu eliphambili lokuthengisa lePbat - I-biodegrade - livela ku-Ester Bonds, kunokuba i-Carbon-Carbon Skeleton kuma-polyethylene. Amabhondi e-Ester anama-hydrolyzed kalula futhi alimala ngama-enzyme.
Isibonelo, i-polylactic acid ne-PHA kukhona polysers ancipha lapho i-Ester Bond Break. Kepha i-polyester evame kakhulu - i-polyethylene terephthalate (isilwane), esetshenziswa kumicu kanye namabhodlela e-soda - akwephuli phansi kalula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indandatho emnandi emathanjeni ayo ivela e-PTA. Ngokusho kukaNarayan, izindandatho ezinikeza izakhiwo zezakhiwo nazo zenza i-pet hydrophobic. "Amanzi akulula ukungena kuwo futhi anciphise inqubo yonke ye-hydrolysis," kusho yena.
I-BASH yenza i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), i-polyester eyenziwe nge-butanediol. Abacwaningi benkampani bafuna i-polymer engathandeki engakhiqiza kalula. Bathathe indawo ethile ye-PTA ku-PBT nge-Adipose Diadicid Glycolic Acid. Ngale ndlela, izingxenye ezinephunga elimnandi le-polymer zihlukaniswe ukuze zikwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-PTA eyanele ishiywe ukunikeza i-polymer ebaluleke kakhulu yemvelo.
UNarayan ukholelwa ukuthi i-Pbat ine-biodegradable kancanyana kune-pla, edinga umquba wezimboni ukubola. Kepha ayikwazi ukuncintisana nama-phat atholakala kwezentengiso, okuyinto eyingqayizivele ezimweni zemvelo, ngisho nasezindaweni zasolwandle.
Ochwepheshe bavame ukuqhathanisa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-Pbat ziye ku-polyethylene eliphansi, i-polymer esetshenziselwa ukwenza amafilimu, njengezikhwama zodoti.
I-Pbat ivame ukuxutshwa ne-pla, i-polymer eqinile enezakhiwo ezifana ne-polystyrene. I-Ecovio Brand ye-BASF isuselwa kule nhlanganisela. Isibonelo, i-Verbruggen ithi isikhwama sokuthenga esikhohlisayo ngokuvamile siqukethe ama-85% pbat kanye ne-15% PLA.
UNovamont unezela esinye ubukhulu kwiresiphi. Inkampani ixubanisa i-Pbat namanye ama-biphatic aromatic aromatic polylers ane-starch ukudala ama-resins wezinhlelo ezithile.
I-Stefano facco, umphathi omusha webhizinisi elisha lenkampani, uthe: "Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, iNovamont igxile ekusetshenzisweni lapho amakhono wokulimazeka angangeza inani kumkhiqizo uqobo. "
Imakethe enkulu ye-Pbat yi-mulch, elisakazeka ezungeze izilimo ukuvikela ukhula futhi isize ukugcina umswakama. Lapho kusetshenziswa ifilimu ye-polyethylene, kufanele kudonswe futhi kuvame ukungcwatshwa ezindaweni zokugcwaliswa komhlaba. Kepha amafilimu angathandeki angatshalwa ngqo enhlabathini.
Enye imakethe enkulu izikhwama zemfucumfucu ezinodoti ezikhokhwayo zenkonzo yokudla kanye neqoqo lasekhaya lokudla kanye nenkuthalo yegceke.
Izikhwama ezivela ezinkampanini ezinjenge-biobag, ezisanda kutholwa yiNovamont, zithengisiwe kubathengisi iminyaka.
Isikhathi Seposi: 26-11-21