• ikhasi_ikhanda_bg

I-PBAT isondele ekupheleleni kunama-polymer amaningi Ⅰ

Ama-polymers aphelele - ama-polymers alinganisa izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nemiphumela yemvelo - awekho, kodwa i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) iseduze nokuphelela kunabaningi.

Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka yokwehluleka ukumisa imikhiqizo yabo egcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu kanye nolwandle, abenzi be-polymer bokwenziwa bangaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo.Abaningi baphindaphinda imizamo yabo yokukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha ukuze bagweme ukugxekwa.Ezinye izinkampani zizama ukubhekana nenkinga kadoti ngokutshala imali kumapulasitiki asuselwa ku-biodegradable bio-based njenge-polylactic acid (PLA) kanye ne-polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), ngethemba lokuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kuzodambisa okungenani enye imfucuza.

Kodwa kokubili ukugaywa kabusha kanye nama-biopolymers abhekana nezithiyo.Ngokwesibonelo, naphezu kweminyaka yemizamo, i-United States isasebenzisa kabusha amapulasitiki angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi.Futhi ama-polymers asekelwe ku-bio - imvamisa imikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa - athwala kanzima ukuze afinyelele ukusebenza nesikali sama-polymer okwenziwa okuhloswe ukuwashintsha.

I-PBAT ihlanganisa ezinye zezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zama-polymers okwenziwa kanye ne-bio-based.Itholakala emikhiqizweni evamile ye-petrochemical - i-refined terephthalic acid (PTA), i-butanediol ne-adipic acid, kodwa i-biodegradable.Njenge-polymer yokwenziwa, ingakhiqizwa kalula ngobuningi, futhi inezinto ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ukwenza amafilimu aguquguqukayo aqhathaniswe nalawo amapulasitiki endabuko.

Inzalo ku-PBAT iyanda.Abakhiqizi abasungulwe njenge-BASF yaseJalimane kanye neNovamont yase-Italy babona ukwanda kwesidingo ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka okuthuthukisa imakethe.Bajoyinwa abakhiqizi base-Asia abangaphezu kwengxenye yeshumi nambili abalindele ukuthi ibhizinisi le-polymer lichume njengoba ohulumeni bezifunda bephusha ukusimama.

UMarc Verbruggen, owayeyi-CEO yomkhiqizi we-PLA i-NatureWorks futhi manje ongumeluleki ozimele, ukholelwa ukuthi i-PBAT “iwumkhiqizo we-bioplastic oshibhile futhi olula kakhulu ongawenza” futhi ukholelwa ukuthi i-PBAT isiba i-bioplastic eguquguqukayo evelele, Ingaphambi kwe-poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) kanye nezimbangi ze-PHA.Futhi kungenzeka ikleliswe eceleni kwe-PLA njengamapulasitiki amabili abaluleke kakhulu angaboli, athi agcina esewumkhiqizo ohamba phambili wezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile.

URamani Narayan, uprofesa wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali e-Michigan State University, uthe indawo yokuthengisa eyinhloko ye-PBAT - i-biodegradability yayo - ivela kumabhondi e-ester, kunokuba i-carbon-carbon skeleton kuma-polymers angaboli njenge-polyethylene.Amabhondi e-Ester afakwa kalula emanzini futhi alinyazwe ama-enzyme.

Isibonelo, i-polylactic acid ne-PHA ziyi-polyester ezehlisayo lapho ibhondi ye-ester iphuka.Kodwa i-polyester evame kakhulu - i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), esetshenziselwa imicu namabhodlela e-soda - ayiphuli kalula.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indandatho enamakha kuhlaka lwamathambo ayo ivela ku-PTA.NgokukaNarayan, izindandatho ezinikeza izakhiwo zesakhiwo nazo zenza i-PET hydrophobic."Amanzi akulula ukungena kuwo futhi anciphisa yonke inqubo ye-hydrolysis," esho.

I-Basf yenza i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), i-polyester eyenziwe nge-butanediol.Abacwaningi benkampani babheke i-polymer ebolayo abangayikhiqiza kalula.Bashintshe i-PTA ethile ku-PBT nge-adipose diacid glycolic acid.Ngale ndlela, izingxenye ezinephunga elimnandi ze-polymer zihlukaniswa ukuze zikwazi ukubola.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PTA eyanele ishiywe ukunikeza izakhiwo ze-polymer ezibalulekile.

UNarayan ukholelwa ukuthi i-PBAT ibola kancane kune-PLA, edinga umquba wezimboni ukuthi ubole.Kodwa ayikwazi ukuncintisana nama-PHA atholakala ngokwentengiso, abolayo ezimweni zemvelo, ngisho nasezindaweni zasolwandle.

Ochwepheshe bavame ukuqhathanisa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-PBAT ne-polyethylene ephansi-density, i-polymer enwebekayo esetshenziselwa ukwenza amafilimu, njengezikhwama zikadoti.

I-PBAT ivamise ukuxutshwa ne-PLA, i-polymer eqinile enezakhiwo ezifana ne-polystyrene.Ibhrendi ye-Ecovio ye-Basf isuselwe kule nhlanganisela.Isibonelo, i-Verbruggen ithi isikhwama sokuthenga esivundisiwe ngokuvamile siqukethe u-85% we-PBAT no-15% we-PLA.

ama-polymers1

I-Novamont ingeza esinye isici ku-recipe.Inkampani ixuba i-PBAT namanye ama-polyester anephunga elimnandi e-aliphatic anesitashi ukuze yakhe izinhlaka zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

UStefano Facco, umphathi omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi wale nkampani, uthe: “Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, iNovamont igxile ekusetshenzisweni lapho amandla okwehlisa izinga engeza inani kumkhiqizo ngokwawo.“

Imakethe enkulu ye-PBAT i-mulch, esakazwa eduze kwezitshalo ukuvimbela ukhula nokusiza ukugcina umswakama.Lapho kusetshenziswa ifilimu ye-polyethylene, kufanele idonswe futhi ivame ukungcwatshwa ezindaweni zokulahla.Kodwa amafilimu e-biodegradable angatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini.

ama-polymer2

Enye imakethe enkulu izikhwama zikadoti ezivundisiwe zesevisi yokudla kanye nokuqoqwa kwasekhaya kokudla kanye nemfucuza yasegcekeni.

Izikhwama ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-BioBag, esanda kutholwa yi-Novamont, sezidayiswe kubathengisi iminyaka.

 ama-polymers3


Isikhathi sokuthumela: 26-11-21