Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha izinto ezihlanganisiwe buyisisekelo nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yempahla eyinhlanganisela.Ngokunwetshwa kwensimu yokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela, imboni eyinhlanganisela ibilokhu ithuthuka ngokushesha, enye inqubo yokubumba iyathuthuka, izindlela ezintsha zokubumba ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, njengamanje kunezindlela zokubumba eziyinhlanganisela ye-polymer ye-polymer engu-20, futhi zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekukhiqizeni izimboni, njenge:
(1) Inqubo yokwenza unamathisele wesandla - indlela yokwenza i-lay-up emanzi;
(2) Inqubo yokwenza ijethi;
(3) Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba ukudluliselwa kwe-resin (ubuchwepheshe be-RTM);
(4) Indlela yokucindezela isikhwama (indlela yesikhwama sokucindezela) ukubumba;
(5) Isikhwama se-vacuum ngokucindezela ukubumba;
(6) Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Autoclave;
(7) Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza igedlela le-Hydraulic;
(8) Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba bokukhulisa ukushisa;
(9) Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha isangweshi;
(10) Inqubo yokukhiqiza impahla yokubumba;
(11) Ubuchwepheshe bomjovo wokubumba we-ZMC;
(12) Inqubo yokubumba;
(13) Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-laminate;
(14) Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Rolling tube;
(15) Imikhiqizo yokusonta i-fiber eyenza ubuchwepheshe;
(16) Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipuleti eqhubekayo;
(17) Ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza;
(18) Inqubo yokubumba i-pultrusion;
(19) Inqubo eqhubekayo yokwenza amapayipi asongayo;
(20) Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziyinhlanganisela;
(21) Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza isikhunta seshidi le-thermoplastic kanye nenqubo ebandayo yokubumba isitembu;
(22) Inqubo yokubumba umjovo;
(23) Inqubo yokubumba i-Extrusion;
(24) Inqubo yokwenza ithubhu ye-Centrifugal casting;
(25) Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokwakha.
Ngokuya ngezinto ezikhethiwe ze-resin matrix, lezi zindlela ezingenhla zifanele ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanganisela ze-thermosetting ne-thermoplastic ngokulandelana, futhi ezinye izinqubo zifanele kokubili.
Imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe eyenza izici zenqubo: uma iqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula izinto, inqubo yokwakha izinto ezihlanganisiwe inezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokubunjwa komkhiqizo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqedela isimo esijwayelekile, inqubo yokukhiqiza izinto ezihlanganisiwe, okungukuthi, inqubo yokubumba imikhiqizo.Ukusebenza kwezinto zokwakha kumele kuklanywe ngokuya ngezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo, ngakho-ke ekukhethweni kwezinto zokwakha, isilinganiso sokuklama, ukunquma indlela yokubeka i-fiber kanye nendlela yokubumba, kufanele ihlangabezane nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zemikhiqizo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nekhwalithi yokubukeka. izidingo.
(2) imikhiqizo ukubumba ilula kuqhathaniswa jikelele thermosetting esiyinhlanganisela resin matrix, ukubumba uketshezi olugelezayo, ukuqinisa impahla fibre ethambile noma indwangu, ngakho-ke, ngalezi zinto zokwakha ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo esiyinhlanganisela, inqubo edingekayo kanye nemishini ilula kakhulu kunezinye izinto; kweminye imikhiqizo kungakhiqizwa kuphela isethi yezikhunta.
Okokuqala, xhumana nenqubo yokubumba ingcindezi ephansi
Inqubo yokubumba ingcindezi ephansi yokuxhumana ibonakala ngokubeka ngesandla kokuqiniswa, ukucwiliswa kwe-resin, noma ukubeka okulula okusizwa ngamathuluzi kokuqiniswa kanye ne-resin.Esinye isici senqubo yokubunjwa kwengcindezi ephansi yokuxhumana ukuthi inqubo yokubumba ayidingi ukusebenzisa ingcindezi yokubumba (i-contact molding), noma ifake ingcindezi ephansi yokubumba (0.01 ~ 0.7mpa ingcindezi ngemuva kokubunjwa kokuxhumana, ukucindezela okukhulu akudluli i-2.0 mpa).
Thintana nenqubo yokubumba enengcindezi ephansi, iyinto yokuqala esikhunjeni sowesilisa, isikhunta sowesilisa noma ukuma kwesikhunta, bese kuba ngokushisa noma ukuphulukisa izinga lokushisa legumbi, ukudiliza bese ngokusebenzisa ukucubungula okusizayo nemikhiqizo.Okwalolu hlobo lwenqubo yokubumba kukhona ukubumba kokunamathisela ngesandla, ukubumba ijethi, ukubumba ukucindezela isikhwama, ukubunjwa kokudluliselwa kwe-resin, ukubumba kwe-autoclave kanye nokubunjwa kokunwetshwa okushisayo (ukubumba kwengcindezi ephansi).Amabili okuqala awakha ukuxhumana.
In the contact low ingcindezi ekubumbeni inqubo, isandla unama inqubo ukubumba kuyinto esungulwe yokuqala ekukhiqizeni polymer matrix esiyinhlanganisela impahla, uhla olusetshenziswa kabanzi kunazo zonke, ezinye izindlela ukuthuthukiswa kanye ngcono isandla unama ukubumba inqubo.Inzuzo enkulu yenqubo yokwenza ukuthintana amathuluzi alula, ukuguquguquka okubanzi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kanye nomphumela osheshayo.Ngokusho izibalo eminyakeni yamuva, thintana low-ingcindezi ekubumbeni inqubo emhlabeni esiyinhlanganisela ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, namanje thatha ingxenye enkulu, ezifana United States babalelwa 35%, Western Europe babalelwa 25%, Japan babalelwa 42%, I-China yabalelwa ku-75%.Lokhu kukhombisa ukubaluleka nokungenakuthathelwa indawo kobuchwepheshe bokubumba ingcindezi ephansi ekukhiqizeni imboni yezinto ezibonakalayo, kuyindlela yenqubo engasoze yehla.Kodwa ukushiyeka kwayo okukhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi, umfutho wabasebenzi mkhulu, ukuphindaphinda komkhiqizo kubi nokunye.
1. Izinto zokusetshenziswa
Ukubunjwa kokucindezela okuphansi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuyizinto eziqinisiwe, ama-resin kanye nezinto ezisizayo.
(1) Izinto ezithuthukisiwe
Izidingo zokwenza othintana naye ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe: (1) izinto ezithuthukisiwe kulula ukuthi zifakwe inhlaka;(2) Kukhona ukuhlukahluka komumo okwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubumba zomumo oyinkimbinkimbi wemikhiqizo;(3) amagwebu kulula ukuwakhipha;(4) ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ngokomzimba namakhemikhali kwezimo zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo;⑤ Intengo enengqondo (eshibhile ngangokunokwenzeka), imithombo eningi.
Izinto eziqinisiwe zokwakha ukuxhumana zifaka i-glass fiber nendwangu yayo, i-carbon fiber nendwangu yayo, i-Arlene fiber nendwangu yayo, njll.
(2) Izinto ze-matrix
Xhumana nenqubo yokubumba ingcindezi ephansi yezidingo zempahla ye-matrix: (1) ngaphansi kwesimo sokunamathisela ngesandla, kulula ukucwilisa i-fiber eqinisiwe, kulula ukukhipha ama-bubbles, ukunamathela okuqinile ne-fiber;(2) Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni kungashibilika, kuqinise, futhi kudinge ukuncipha, ukuguquguquka okuncane;(3) I-viscosity efanelekile: ngokuvamile i-0.2 ~ 0.5Pa · s, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza into yokugeleza kweglue;(4) ubuthi obungenabuthi noma obuphansi;Intengo inengqondo futhi umthombo uqinisekisiwe.
Ama-resin asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni yilezi: i-polyester resin engasetshenzisiwe, i-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin, i-bismaleimide resin, i-polyimide resin nokunye.
Izidingo zokusebenza zezinqubo eziningana zokwenza ukuthintana kwe-resin:
Izidingo zendlela yokubumba yezakhiwo ze-resin
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-gel
1, ukubumba akugelezi, kulula ukuqeda amagwebu
2, ithoni efanayo, akukho mbala ontantayo
3, ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo, akukho imibimbi, ukunamathela okuhle ngongqimba lwe-resin
Ukubunjwa kwezandla
1, impregnation enhle, kulula cwilisa i-fiber, kulula ukuqeda Bubbles
2, isakazeka ngemva kokwelapha ngokushesha, ukukhululwa okuncane kokushisa, ukuncipha
3, iguquguquka kancane, ubuso bomkhiqizo abunamatheli
4. Ukunamathela okuhle phakathi kwezingqimba
Ukubumba umjovo
1. Qinisekisa izidingo zokwenza unamathisele ngesandla
2. Thixotropic recovery is early
3, izinga lokushisa linethonya elincane ku-resin viscosity
4. I-resin kufanele ifaneleke isikhathi eside, futhi i-viscosity akufanele ikhule ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-accelerator.
Ukubumba isikhwama
1, ukumanzisa okuhle, kulula ukucwilisa i-fiber, kulula ukukhipha ama-bubbles
2, ukwelapha ngokushesha, ukwelapha ukushisa kube kuncane
3, iglue akulula ukugeleza, ukunamathela okuqinile phakathi kwezingqimba
(3) Izinto ezisizayo
Inqubo yokwakha othintana naye yezinto ezisizayo, ikakhulukazi ibhekisela kwisigcwalisi nombala izigaba ezimbili, kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha, i-diluent, i-ejenti eqinisayo, eyingxenye yohlelo lwe-resin matrix.
2, isikhunta kanye ne-ejenti yokukhulula
(1) Isikhunta
Isikhunta siwumshini omkhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenqubo yokwenza ukuthintana.Izinga lesikhunta lithinta ngqo ikhwalithi kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke kufanele iklanywe ngokucophelela futhi yenziwe.
Lapho uklama isikhunta, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuphelele: (1) Hlangana nezidingo ezinembayo zokwakheka komkhiqizo, usayizi wesikhunta unembile futhi ingaphezulu libushelelezi;(2) ukuba namandla nokuqina okwanele;(3) ukubhidliza okulula;(4) ube nokuzinza okwanele kokushisa;Isisindo esilula, umthombo wezinto ezanele kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
Isikhunta isikhunta contact ukubumba isikhunta ihlukaniswe: isikhunta owesilisa, isikhunta owesilisa kanye nezinhlobo ezintathu isikhunta, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni isikhunta, kungenziwa esekelwe ubukhulu, izidingo ukubumba, umklamo lilonke noma isikhunta babuthana.
Lapho isikhunta senziwe, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zihlangatshezwe:
① Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba kobukhulu, ikhwalithi yokubukeka nempilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo;
(2) I-mold material kufanele ibe namandla okwanele nokuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikhunta akulula ukukhubazeka nokulimala ekusetshenzisweni;
(3) ayidliwe yi-resin futhi ayithinti ukuphulukiswa kwe-resin;
(4) Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, ukuphulukiswa komkhiqizo nokwelapha ukushisa, isikhunta asikhubazekile;
(5) Kulula ukwenza, kulula ukudiliza;
(6) usuku lokunciphisa isisindo sesikhunta, ukukhiqizwa okulula;
⑦ Intengo ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyithola.Izinto ezingasetshenziswa njengesikhunta sokunamathisela ngesandla yilezi: ukhuni, insimbi, igypsum, usimende, insimbi encibilika kancane, amapulasitiki anegwebu aqinile kanye namapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zomenzeli wokukhipha:
1. Ayigqwali isikhunta, ayithinti ukuphulukiswa kwe-resin, ukunamathela kwe-resin kungaphansi kwe-0.01mpa;
(2) Isikhathi sokwenza ifilimu emfushane, ukushuba okufanayo, indawo ebushelelezi;
Ukusetshenziswa kokuphepha, akukho mphumela onobuthi;
(4) ukumelana nokushisa, kungashiswa izinga lokushisa lokuphulukisa;
⑤ Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ishibhile.
I-ejenti yokukhulula yenqubo yokwenza othintana naye ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa i-ejenti yokukhishwa kwefilimu, i-ejenti yokukhishwa kwe-liquid namafutha okugcoba, i-ejenti yokukhululwa kwe-wax.
Inqubo yokwenza unamathisele ngesandla
Inqubo yokugeleza kokwakhiwa kwe-hand paste imi kanje:
(1) Ukulungiselela ukukhiqiza
Usayizi wendawo yokusebenza yokunamathisela ngesandla uzonqunywa ngokuya ngosayizi womkhiqizo kanye nokuphumayo kwansuku zonke.Indawo kufanele ihlanzeke, yome futhi ingene umoya kahle, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele ligcinwe liphakathi kuka-15 no-35 degrees Celsius.Ingxenye yokuvuselela ngemva kokucubungula kufanele ifakwe uthuli olukhipha i-exhaust kanye nedivaysi yokufafaza amanzi.
Ukulungiswa kwesikhunta kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukuhlanganisa kanye ne-ejenti yokukhulula.
Lapho i-glue ye-resin ilungiswa, kufanele sinake izinkinga ezimbili: (1) ukuvimbela ingcina ekuhlanganiseni amagwebu;(2) Inani le-glue akufanele libe liningi kakhulu, futhi inani ngalinye kufanele lisetshenziswe ngaphambi kwejeli ye-resin.
Izinto zokuqinisa Izinhlobo kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto zokuqinisa kufanele kukhethwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuklama.
(2) Ukunamathisela nokwelapha
I-Layer-paste manual layer-paste ihlukaniswe yaba indlela emanzi kanye nendlela eyomile yesibili: (1) indwangu eyomile ye-prepreg njengempahla eluhlaza, impahla yangaphambi kokufunda (indwangu) ngokuya ngesampula esisikwe ibe impahla embi, ukufudumeza ungqimba-ukuthambisa. , bese ubeka ungqimba phezu kwesikhunta, futhi unake ukuqeda ama-bubbles phakathi kwezingqimba, ukuze aminyene.Le ndlela isetshenziselwa i-autoclave kanye nesikhwama sokubumba.(2) Ukwendlalelwa okumanzi ngqo esikhunjeni kuzoqinisa ukucwiliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ungqimba ngongqimba eduze kwesikhunta, khipha ama-bubbles, kukwenze kuminyene.Inqubo evamile yokunamathisela ngesandla ngale ndlela yokubeka izingqimba.Isendlalelo esimanzi sihlukaniswe ngokunamathisela kwesendlalelo se-gelcoat kanye nokunamathisela kongqimba lwesakhiwo.
Ithuluzi lokunamathisela ngesandla Ithuluzi lokunamathisela ngesandla linomthelela omkhulu ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Kukhona i-wool roller, i-bristle roller, i-spiral roller nesaha kagesi, i-drill kagesi, umshini wokupholisha nokunye.
Imikhiqizo eqinile iqinisa i-cent sclerosis futhi ivuthwe izigaba ezimbili: ukusuka kujeli kuya kushintsho lwe-trigonal ifuna amahora angama-24 ngokujwayelekile, njengamanje qinisa inani ledigri liye ku-50% ~ 70% (i-ba Ke hardness degree ingu-15), ingakwazi i-demolom, ngemva kokusuka iqinise ngaphansi kwesimo semvelo yemvelo. Ikhono lamaviki angu-1 ~ 2 lenza imikhiqizo ibe namandla emishini, yithi ivuthiwe, idigri yayo yokuqinisa ifinyelela ku-85% ngaphezulu.Ukushisa kungakhuthaza inqubo yokwelapha.Ngensimbi yengilazi ye-polyester, ukushisa ku-80 ℃ nge-3h, yensimbi yengilazi ye-epoxy, izinga lokushisa lokuphulukisa leposi lingalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-150 ℃.Kunezindlela eziningi zokushisa nokuphulukisa, imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo encane ingashiswa futhi ilashwe esithandweni sokuphulukisa, imikhiqizo emikhulu ingashiswa noma i-infrared.
(3)Demoulding nokugqoka
Ukudicilela phansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo awonakele.Izindlela zokudicilela phansi zimi kanje: (1) Idivayisi yokukhipha i-ejection ishumekwe kusikhunta, futhi isikulufu siyazungeziswa lapho sidonsa ukuze sikhiphe umkhiqizo.Isikhunta ingcindezi demoulding has a onomoya onomfutho noma amanzi inlet, demoulding uzobe onomfutho umoya noma amanzi (0.2mpa) phakathi isikhunta kanye nomkhiqizo, ngesikhathi esifanayo nge ngokhuni isando nesando zenjoloba, ukuze umkhiqizo kanye ukuhlukaniswa isikhunta.(3) Ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo emikhulu (efana nemikhumbi) ngosizo lojeke, okhrane nama-hardwood wedge namanye amathuluzi.(4) Imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi ingasebenzisa indlela yokwenza ngesandla ukuze unamathisele izingqimba ezimbili noma ezintathu ze-FRP esikhunjeni, ukuze ilashwe ngemva kokucwecwa esikhunjeni, bese ubeka isikhunta ukuze uqhubeke unamathisele kubukhulu bomklamo, kulula susa esikhunjeni ngemuva kokwelashwa.
Ukugqoka ukugqoka kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: enye isayizi yokugqoka, enye ukulungisa iphutha.(1) Ngemuva kokubumba usayizi wemikhiqizo, ngokuya ngosayizi wokuklama ukusika ingxenye eyeqile;(2) Ukulungiswa kwesici kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwe-perforation, ibhamuza, ukulungiswa kokuqhekeka, ukuqinisa imbobo, njll.
I-Jet forming technique
Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-jet buthuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-hand paste, i-semi-mechanized degree.Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza ijethi bubala ingxenye enkulu yenqubo yokwakhiwa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela, efana no-9.1% e-United States, u-11.3% eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kanye no-21% e-Japan.Njengamanje, imishini yokubumba imijovo yasekhaya ilandwa kakhulu evela e-United States.
(1) Umgomo wokwenza ijethi kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi
Inqubo yokubumba umjovo ixubene ne-initiator kanye nomgqugquzeli wezinhlobo ezimbili ze-polyester, ngokulandelanayo kusukela kusibhamu sokufutha ezinhlangothini zombili, futhi izosika i-fiberglass roving, ngasesikhungweni sethoshi, ixutshwe ne-resin, ifake esikhunjini, lapho idiphozithi. ukushuba okuthile, ngokuhlangana kwe-roller, yenza i-fiber saturated resin, ususe ama-bubbles emoyeni, welashwe emikhiqizweni.
Izinzuzo zokubumba i-jet: (1) ukusebenzisa i-glass fibre roving esikhundleni sendwangu, kunganciphisa izindleko zezinto;(2) Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-4 kunokunamathisela ngesandla;(3) Umkhiqizo unobuqotho obuhle, awunawo amalunga, amandla aphezulu okugunda kwe-interlayer, okuqukethwe kwe-resin ephezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle nokumelana nokuvuza;(4) kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-flapping, izinsalela zendwangu yokusika kanye noketshezi olusele lweglue;Usayizi womkhiqizo nokuma akukhawulelwe.Ukungalungi yilezi: (1) okuqukethwe kwe-resin ephezulu, imikhiqizo enamandla aphansi;(2) umkhiqizo ungenza uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela bushelelezi;③ Kungcolisa imvelo futhi kuyingozi empilweni yabasebenzi.
Ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwejethi kufika ku-15kg/min, ngakho-ke kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhumbi emikhulu.Isetshenziswe kabanzi ukucubungula ubhavu wokugeza, ikhava yomshini, indlu yangasese ebalulekile, izingxenye zomzimba wemoto kanye nemikhiqizo emikhulu yokusiza.
(2) Ukulungiselela ukukhiqiza
Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo yokunamathisela isandla, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhishweni kwemvelo.Ngokusho kobukhulu bomkhiqizo, igumbi lokusebenza lingavalwa ukuze konge amandla.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokulungiselela izinto ezisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi inhlaka (ikakhulukazi inhlaka ye-polyester engaxutshiwe) kanye ne-glass fiber roving engasontekile.
Ukulungiswa kwesikhunta kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukuhlanganisa kanye ne-ejenti yokukhulula.
Umshini wokubumba umjovo wokubumba umjovo wokubumba uhlukaniswe waba izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwethangi lokucindezela kanye nohlobo lwepompo: (1) Umshini wokubumba umjovo wohlobo lwepompo, isiqalo se-resin kanye ne-accelerator zimpontshelwa ku-mixer emile, zixutshwe ngokugcwele bese zikhishwa isifutho. isibhamu, esaziwa ngokuthi uhlobo oluxubile lwesibhamu.Izingxenye zayo uhlelo lokulawula umoya, iphampu ye-resin, ipompo elisizayo, i-mixer, isibhamu sesifutho, i-fiber cutting injector, njll.Lungisa indawo yepompo elisizayo engalweni ye-rocker ukuze uqinisekise inani lezithako.Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-compressor yomoya, i-resin kanye ne-ejenti eyisizayo ixubene ngokulinganayo ku-mixer futhi yenziwe ngamaconsi esibhamu se-spray, afafazwa ngokuqhubekayo ebusweni besikhunta nge-fiber enqunyiwe.Lo mshini we-jet unesibhamu se-glue spray kuphela, isakhiwo esilula, isisindo esincane, imfucuza encane ye-initiator, kodwa ngenxa yokuxuba ohlelweni, kufanele ihlanzwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa komjovo.(2) Umshini wejethi we-glue wohlobo lwethangi lokucindezela uwukufaka iglue ye-resin ethangini lokucindezela ngokulandelana, futhi wenze iglue ibe isibhamu sokufutha ukuze sifafaze ngokuqhubekayo ngomfutho wegesi ethangini.Iqukethe amathangi amabili e-resin, ipayipi, i-valve, isibhamu sokufutha, i-fiber cutting injector, i-trolley kanye nobakaki.Lapho usebenza, xhuma umthombo womoya ocindezelwe, wenze umoya ocindezelwe udlule kusihlukanisi samanzi somoya ungene ethangini le-resin, i-glass fibre cutter kanye nesibhamu se-spray, ukuze i-resin ne-glass fiber ikhishwe ngokuqhubekayo ngesibhamu se-spray, i-resin atomization, ingilazi ye-fiber dispersion, ixutshwe ngokulinganayo bese ishona esikhunjini.Le jethi i-resin exutshwe ngaphandle kwesibhamu, ngakho akulula ukuxhuma umlomo wesibhamu.
(3) Ukulawula inqubo yokubumba ngokufutha
Ukukhethwa kwamapharamitha wenqubo yomjovo: ① Imikhiqizo yokubumba ye-resin fafaza, ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwe-resin cishe ku-60%.Uma i-resin viscosity ingu-0.2Pa · s, ingcindezi ye-resin tank ingu-0.05-0.15mpa, futhi ingcindezi ye-atomization ingu-0.3-0.55mpa, ukufana kwezingxenye kungaqinisekiswa.(3) Ibanga lokuxutshwa kwe-resin efuthwe nge-Engeli ehlukene yesibhamu sokufutha lihlukile.Ngokuvamile, i-engeli engu-20 ° ikhethwa, futhi ibanga phakathi kwesibhamu se-spray kanye nesikhunta ngu-350 ~ 400mm.Ukuze ushintshe ibanga, i-Angle yesibhamu sokufafaza kufanele ibe ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ixutshwe ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo eduze kwendawo yokubunjwa ukuze kuvinjwe ingcina ukuthi ingandizi.
Ukubunjwa kokufutha kufanele kuqashelwe: (1) izinga lokushisa elizungezile kufanele lilawulwe ku-(25±5) ℃, liphakeme kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuvaleka kwesibhamu sesifutho;Ukuxuba okuphansi kakhulu, okungalingani, ukuphulukisa kancane;(2) Awekho amanzi avunyelwe ohlelweni lwejethi, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izothinteka;(3) Ngaphambi kokwenza, fafaza ungqimba lwenhlaka esibunjeni, bese ufafaza ungqimba lwengxube ye-resin fibre;(4) Ngaphambi kokubunjwa komjovo, qala ngokulungisa umfutho womoya, lawula inhlaka kanye nokuqukethwe kwefiber yengilazi;(5) Isibhamu sokufutha kufanele sinyakaze ngokulinganayo ukuvikela ukuvuza nokufutha.Ayikwazi ukuhamba nge-arc.Ukugqagqana phakathi kwemigqa emibili kungaphansi kwe-1/3, futhi ukumboza nokuqina kufanele kufane.Ngemva kokufafaza ungqimba, sebenzisa ngokushesha ukuhlanganisa kwe-roller, kufanele unake imiphetho kanye ne-concave ne-convex surface, uqinisekise ukuthi ungqimba ngalunye lucindezelwe flat, khipha ama-bubbles, luvimbele nge-fiber burrs ebangelwa;Ngemuva kongqimba ngalunye lwesifutho, ukuhlola, olufaneleka ngemva kongqimba olulandelayo lwesifutho;⑧ Isendlalelo sokugcina sokufafaza okunye, yenza ubuso bushelelezi;⑨ Hlanza i-jet ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa ukuze uvimbele ukuqina kwe-resin kanye nokulimala kwemishini.
Ukubunjwa kokudluliselwa kwe-resin
I-Resin Transfer Molding efushanisiwe njenge-RTM.I-RTM yaqala ngawo-1950, iyindlela yobuchwepheshe evaliwe yokwenza inqubo yokunamathisela ngesandla, ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo yokukhanya enezinhlangothi ezimbili.Emazweni angaphandle, i-Resin Injection kanye ne-Pressure Infection nayo ifakiwe kulesi sigaba.
Umgomo oyisisekelo we-RTM ukubeka izinto eziqinisiwe ze-glass fibre emgodini wesikhunta sesikhunta esivaliwe.Ijeli ye-resin ijova emgodini wesikhunta ngokucindezelwa, futhi izinto eziqinisiwe zengilazi ziyacwiliswa, bese ziyaphulukiswa, futhi umkhiqizo obunjiwe uyadilizwa.
Kusukela ezingeni langaphambilini locwaningo, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kokuqondisa kobuchwepheshe be-RTM kuzobandakanya iyunithi yomjovo olawulwa yi-microcomputer, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezithuthukisiwe, isikhunta esibiza kancane, uhlelo lokuphulukisa i-resin esheshayo, ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo, njll.
Izici zobuchwepheshe bokwakha i-RTM: (1) zingakhiqiza imikhiqizo enamacala amabili;(2) Ukwenza kahle kakhulu, kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-FRP esikalini esimaphakathi (ngaphansi kwezingcezu ezingu-20000/ngonyaka);③RTM wumsebenzi wokukhunta ovaliwe, ongangcolisi imvelo futhi ongoni impilo yabasebenzi;(4) izinto zokuqinisa zingabekwa kunoma iyiphi indlela, kulula ukubona izinto zokuqinisa ngokusho kwesimo sokucindezeleka sesampula yomkhiqizo;(5) kancane izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla;⑥ Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane ekwakheni imboni, ngokushesha.
Ubuchwepheshe be-RTM busetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwakha, ezokuthutha, ezokuxhumana, ezempilo, emkhathini nakwezinye izimboni.Imikhiqizo esiyithuthukisile yilezi: izindlu zezimoto kanye nezingxenye, izingxenye zemoto zokungcebeleka, i-spiral pulp, i-8.5m ende ye-turbine blade, i-radome, ikhava yomshini, ubhavu, igumbi lokugeza, ibhodi lokubhukuda, isihlalo, ithangi lamanzi, indawo yocingo, isigxobo socingo. , isikebhe esincane, njll.
(1) Inqubo ye-RTM nezinto zokusebenza
Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-RTM ihlukaniswe ngezinqubo eziyi-11.Ama-opharetha namathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza zenqubo ngayinye zilungisiwe.Isikhunta sithuthwa yimoto futhi sidlula inqubo ngayinye ngokushintshana ukuze siqaphele ukusebenza kokugeleza.Isikhathi somjikelezo wesikhunta emgqeni wokuhlanganisa ngokuyisisekelo sibonisa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza womkhiqizo.Imikhiqizo emincane ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu eyishumi kuphela, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wemikhiqizo emikhulu ungalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1h.
Imishini yokubumba Imishini yokubumba ye-RTM iwumshini womjovo we-resin kanye nesikhunta.
Umshini womjovo we-resin wakhiwe ngepompo ye-resin kanye nesibhamu somjovo.Iphampu ye-resin iyisethi yamaphampu aphindaphindayo ephistoni, phezulu iyipompo ye-aerodynamic.Lapho umoya ocindezelweyo ushayela ipiston yepompo yomoya ukuthi iye phezulu naphansi, iphampu ye-resin iphampa inhlaka ngobuningi be-resin ngesilawuli sokugeleza nesihlungi.I-lever yangemuva yenza iphampu ye-catalyst inyakaze futhi impompa ngobuningi i-catalyst iye endaweni yokugcina amanzi.Umoya ocindezelwe ugcwaliswa kuma-reservoir amabili ukuze kwakheke amandla e-buffer abhekene nokucindezela kwepompo, okuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuzinzile kwe-resin kanye ne-catalyst ekhanda lomjovo.Isibhamu somjovo ngemuva kokugeleza kwesiyaluyalu kumxube omile, futhi singenza i-resin kanye ne-catalyst esimweni sokungabi bikho kokuxubana kwegesi, isikhunta somjovo, bese izixube zezibhamu zibe nomklamo wokungenisa okokuhlanza, onethangi elincibilikisa ingcindezi elingu-0.28 MPa, lapho umshini ngemva kokusetshenziswa, vula iswishi, i-solvent ezenzakalelayo, isibhamu somjovo ukuze uhlanze.
② Isikhunta se-RTM se-Mold sihlukaniswe isikhunta sensimbi yengilazi, isikhunta sensimbi sengilazi esigcwele isikhunta sensimbi kanye nesikhunta sensimbi.Isikhunta se-Fiberglass kulula ukwenza futhi ishibhile, isikhunta se-polyester fiberglass singasetshenziswa izikhathi eziyi-2,000, isikhunta se-epoxy fiberglass singasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingama-4,000.Isikhunta sepulasitiki esiqiniswe ngengilazi esine-gold-plated singasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-10000.Isikhunta sensimbi asivamile ukusetshenziswa kwinqubo ye-RTM.Ngokuvamile, imali yokubumba ye-RTM ingama-2% kuya ku-16% kuphela waleyo ye-SMC.
(2) Impahla ye-RTM eluhlaza
I-RTM isebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana nesistimu ye-resin, izinto zokuqinisa kanye nesigcwalisi.
Isistimu ye-resin INhlaka eyinhloko esetshenziswa enqubweni ye-RTM iyinhlaka ye-polyester engagcwele.
Izinto zokuqinisa Izinto ezijwayelekile ze-RTM zokuqinisa ikakhulukazi i-glass fiber, okuqukethwe kwayo ku-25% ~ 45% (isilinganiso sesisindo);Izinto zokuqinisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ziyi-glass fibre eqhubekayo ezwakalayo, inzwa eyinhlanganisela kanye nebhodi lokuhlola.
Ama-fillers abalulekile enqubweni ye-RTM ngoba awagcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko futhi athuthukise ukusebenza, kodwa futhi abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sesigaba se-exothermic sokuphulukiswa kwe-resin.Ama-filler asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-aluminium hydroxide, ubuhlalu bengilazi, i-calcium carbonate, i-mica nokunye.Umthamo wayo ungama-20% ~ 40%.
Indlela yokucindezela isikhwama, indlela ye-autoclave, indlela yeketela ye-hydraulic kanyetindlela yokubumba yokwandisa i-hermal
Indlela yokucindezela isikhwama, indlela ye-autoclave, indlela yeketela ye-hydraulic kanye nendlela yokubumba yokwandisa ukushisa eyaziwa ngokuthi inqubo yokubumba ingcindezi ephansi.Inqubo yayo yokubumba iwukusebenzisa indlela yokufaka imanuwali, izinto zokuqinisa kanye ne-resin (kufaka phakathi impahla ye-prepreg) ngokuya ngesiqondiso sokuklama kanye nongqimba lokuhleleka ngongqimba ekubunjweni, ngemva kokufinyelela ubukhulu obucacisiwe, ngokucindezela, ukushisa, ukuphulukisa, ukudiliza, ukugqoka nokuthola imikhiqizo.Umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezine kanye nenqubo yokwenza unamathisele ngesandla ulele kuphela kunqubo yokwelapha ingcindezi.Ngakho-ke, ziwukuthuthukiswa nje kwenqubo yokunamathisela ngesandla, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana kwemikhiqizo namandla okubopha kwe-interlayer.
Ngomucu wengilazi onamandla amakhulu, i-carbon fibre, i-boron fiber, i-aramong fibre kanye ne-epoxy resin njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yokusebenza ephezulu eyenziwe ngendlela yokubumba ingcindezi ephansi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindizeni, ezicitshwayo, kumasathelayithi kanye ne-space shuttle.Njengeminyango yendiza, i-fairing, i-radome esemoyeni, ubakaki, iphiko, umsila, i-bulkhead, udonga kanye nendiza eyimfihlo.
(1) Indlela yokucindezela isikhwama
Ukucindezela isikhwama ukubumba ukunamathisela ngesandla kwemikhiqizo engaqinisiwe, ngezikhwama zenjoloba noma ezinye izinto ezinwebekayo ukuze kufakwe igesi noma ingcindezi yoketshezi, ukuze imikhiqizo engaphansi kwengcindezi iminyene, iqine.
Izinzuzo zendlela yokwenza isikhwama yilezi: (1) bushelelezi ezinhlangothini zombili zomkhiqizo;② Ijwayela i-polyester, i-epoxy ne-phenolic resin;Isisindo somkhiqizo siphezulu kunokunamathisela ngesandla.
Indlela ye-2: (1) isikhwama sokucindezela indlela yesikhwama se-pressure yindlela yokunamathisela ngesandla hhayi imikhiqizo eqinisiwe esikhwameni senjoloba, ilungise ipuleti lekhava, bese kuba umoya ocindezelwe noma isitimu (0.25 ~ 0.5mpa), ukuze imikhiqizo esesimweni sokucindezela esishisayo iqine.(2) Indlela yesikhwama se-vacuum le ndlela iwukuba unamathisele ngesandla imikhiqizo engaqinile, enongqimba lwefilimu yenjoloba, imikhiqizo phakathi kwefilimu yenjoloba kanye nesikhunta, ukuvala umngcele, i-vacuum (0.05 ~ 0.07mpa), ukuze amabhamuza nama-volatils. emikhiqizweni ayifakiwe.Ngenxa yokucindezela okuncane kwe-vacuum, indlela yokwenza isikhwama se-vacuum isetshenziselwa kuphela ukwakhiwa okumanzi kwe-polyester nemikhiqizo ye-epoxy composite.
(2) Iketela lokucindezela okushisayo nendlela yeketela elisebenza ngogesi
Igedlela legedlela le-autoclaved elishisayo kanye nendlela yeketela le-hydraulic kusesitsheni sensimbi, ngegesi ecindezelwe noma uketshezi emikhiqizweni engaqinile yesandla yokunamathisela ukushisisa, ingcindezi, iyenze iqine ukubumba inqubo.
I-Autoclave method autoclave ingumkhumbi wensimbi ovundlile, imikhiqizo yokunamathisela yesandla engaphonsiwe, kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezivaliwe, i-vacuum, bese kuba nesikhunta esinemoto ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-autoclave, ngesitimu (ingcindezi ingu-1.5 ~ 2.5mpa), kanye ne-vacuum, ecindezelwe imikhiqizo, ukushisa, ukukhishwa kwe-bubble, ukuze iqinise ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okushisayo.Ihlanganisa izinzuzo zendlela yesikhwama sokucindezela kanye nendlela yesikhwama se-vacuum, nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo.Indlela ye-autoclave eshisayo ingakhiqiza usayizi omkhulu, umumo oyinkimbinkimbi wekhwalithi ephezulu, imikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yokusebenza okuphezulu.Usayizi womkhiqizo unqunyelwe i-autoclave.Njengamanje, i-autoclave enkulu kunazo zonke e-China inobubanzi obungu-2.5m nobude obuyi-18m.Imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe futhi yasetshenziswa ihlanganisa iphiko, umsila, i-satellite antenna reflector, umzimba we-missile reentry kanye ne-airborne sandwich structure radome.Ukungalungi okukhulu kwale ndlela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini, isisindo, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko eziphezulu.
Indlela yeketela yeHydraulic Iketela leHydraulic liwumkhumbi wengcindezi evaliwe, ivolumu incane kuneketela lokucindezela okushisa, elibekwe ngokuqondile, elikhiqizwa ngomfutho wamanzi ashisayo, emikhiqizweni yokunamathisela yesandla engaqinile eshisiwe, ecindezelwe, ukuze iqine.Ingcindezi yegedlela le-hydraulic ingafinyelela ku-2MPa noma ngaphezulu, futhi izinga lokushisa lingu-80 ~ 100℃.Isithwali sikawoyela, sishisisa kufika ku-200 ℃.Umkhiqizo okhiqizwe ngale ndlela uminyene, umjikelezo omfushane, ubungozi bendlela yeketela ye-hydraulic ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwemishini.
(3) indlela yokubumba yokwandisa okushisayo
Ukubumba okunwebekayo okushisayo kuyinqubo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yodonga oluncane olungenalutho olusebenza kahle.Isimiso sayo sokusebenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-coefficient yokwandisa ehlukene yezinto zokubunjwa, ukusetshenziswa kwevolumu yayo evuthayo yokwandisa ingcindezi ehlukene ye-extrusion, ukwakhiwa kokucindezela komkhiqizo.Isikhunta sowesilisa sendlela yokubumba yokwandisa okushisayo irabha ye-silicon ene-coefficient enkulu yokwandisa, futhi isikhunta sowesifazane siyinto yensimbi ene-coefficient encane yokwandisa.Imikhiqizo engaqinisiwe ifakwa phakathi kwesikhunta sesilisa kanye nesikhunta sesifazane ngesandla.Ngenxa ye-coefficient yokwandisa ehlukene yesikhunta esihle nesibi, kukhona umehluko omkhulu we-deformation, okwenza imikhiqizo iqiniswe ngaphansi kwengcindezi eshisayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 29-06-22