Ukwembula Umehluko Phakathi Kwenjongo Evamile Nepulasitiki Yobunjiniyela: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Emkhakheni wepulasitiki, kukhona umehluko ocacile phakathi kwepulasitiki yenjongo evamile kanye neyobunjiniyela.Nakuba zombili zisebenzisa izinjongo ezibalulekile, zihluka kakhulu ngezakhiwo zazo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nokusebenza kukonke.Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kubalulekile ekukhetheni impahla yepulasitiki efanele ngezidingo ezithile.

I-General-Purpose Plastics: Ama-Workhorses Ahlukahlukene

Amapulasitiki ezinhloso ezijwayelekile, awaziwa nangokuthi amapulasitiki ezimpahla, abonakala ngokukhiqiza kwawo umthamo omkhulu, uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukucutshungulwa kalula, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.Bakha umgogodla wemboni yepulasitiki, ehlinzeka ngempahla yansuku zonke yabathengi kanye nezicelo ezingadingeki.

Izici Ezivamile:

• Ivolumu Yokukhiqiza Ephakeme:Amapulasitiki ahloselwe ukujwayelekile enza ngaphezu kwama-90% okukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki okuphelele.
• I-Spectrum Yohlelo Olubanzi:Atholakala yonke indawo emaphaketheni, emikhiqizweni elahlwayo, amathoyizi, nasezimpahleni zasendlini.
• Ukucubungula Kalula:Ukubumbeka kwabo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza ngendlela eyongayo.
• Ukufinyeleleka:Amapulasitiki ahloselwe ukujwayelekile ashibhile, awenza athandeke ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.

Izibonelo:

• I-Polyethylene (PE):Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izikhwama, amafilimu, amabhodlela, namapayipi.
• I-Polypropylene (PP):Kutholakala ezitsheni, ezindwangu, nasezintweni zezimoto.
• I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC):Kuqashwe amapayipi, okokufaka nezinto zokwakha.
• I-Polystyrene (PS):Isetshenziselwa ukupakisha, amathoyizi, kanye nezitsha ezilahlwayo.
• I-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS):Okujwayelekile ezintweni zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, nemithwalo.

I-Engineering Plastics: I-Heavyweights of Industry

Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela, aziwa nangokuthi amapulasitiki wokusebenza, aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zezicelo zezimboni.Zihamba phambili ngamandla, ukumelana nomthelela, ukubekezelela ukushisa, ubulukhuni, nokumelana nokuguga, okuzenza zilungele izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezindawo eziyinselele.

Izici eziphawulekayo:

• Izakhiwo Zemishini Ephakeme:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela amelana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kwemishini kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
• Ukuzinza Kwe-Thermal Okukhethekile:Bagcina izakhiwo zabo phezu kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi.
• Ukumelana Namakhemikhali:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela angakwazi ukubekezelela ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene nezincibilikisi.
• Ukuzinza kweDimensional:Zigcina umumo nobukhulu bazo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene.

Izicelo:

• Ezezimoto:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zemoto ngenxa yemvelo yawo engasindi futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.
• Ezogesi Nezogesi:Izici zabo zokuvikela ugesi zibenza bafaneleke izingxenye zikagesi nezixhumi.
• Izinto zikagesi:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela athola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zikagesi ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwawo kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.
• Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha:I-biocompatibility yabo kanye nokumelana nokuvala inzalo kubenza balungele izimila zezokwelapha namathuluzi okuhlinza.
• I-Aerospace:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace ngenxa yesilinganiso sawo esikhulu samandla nesisindo kanye nokumelana nokukhathala.

Izibonelo:

• I-Polycarbonate (PC):Idume ngokubonakala kwayo, ukumelana nomthelela, nokuzinza kohlangothi.
• I-Polyamide (PA):Ibonakala ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka.
• I-Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET):Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukumelana kwayo namakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, kanye nezakhiwo zebanga lokudla.
• I-Polyoxymethylene (POM):Iyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kobukhulu obukhethekile, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, nokuqina okuphezulu.

Ukukhetha Ipulasitiki Elungile Yomsebenzi

Ukukhetha impahla yepulasitiki efanele kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.Amapulasitiki ezinhloso ezijwayelekile alungele izicelo ezingazweli izindleko, ezingadingi, kuyilapho amapulasitiki obunjiniyela afaneleka kangcono ezindaweni eziyinselele kanye nenqubo yokusebenza enzima.

Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe:

• Izidingo zikaMechanical:Amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nomthelela, nokumelana nokukhathala.
• Ukusebenza Okushisayo:Ukumelana nokushisa, indawo yokuncibilika, izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi, kanye ne-thermal conductivity.
• Ukumelana Namakhemikhali:Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, izincibilikisi, nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
• Icubungula izici:I-Moldability, machinability, kanye ne-weldability.
• Izindleko Nokutholakala:Izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokutholakala.

Isiphetho

Amapulasitiki anenjongo evamile kanye nawobunjiniyela ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni ohlukahlukene wezinto zepulasitiki.Ukuqonda izakhiwo zabo eziyingqayizivele nokufaneleka kwezidingo ezithile kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zokukhetha izinto ezinolwazi.Njengoba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ithuthuka, zombili izinhlobo zamapulasitiki zizoqhubeka nokushayela izinto ezintsha futhi zilolonge ikusasa lezimboni ezahlukahlukene.

Ngokuhlanganisa amagama angukhiye okuqondiwe kuwo kuyo yonke ibhulogi futhi amukele ifomethi ehlelekile, lokhu okuqukethwe kulungiselelwa ukubonakala kwenjini yokusesha.Ukufakwa kwezithombe ezifanele nezihlokwana ezifundisayo kuthuthukisa ukufundeka nokuzibandakanya.