Ama-polymers angenakushisa aphezulu ezicelo eziphezulu zokucindezela

Ezimweni zanamuhla ezifunwa yizimboni, izakhi zihlala zigcwele imikhawulo yazo. Ukushisa okwedlulele, ingcindezi ephezulu, namakhemikhali anokhahlo kuyizinselelo ezimbalwa nje ezibhekene nezinto zokwakha. Kulezi zicelo, ama-polymers wendabuko avame ukuwa amafushane, ahlehlise noma alahlekelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kokushisa okukhulu. Ngenhlanhla, kwaqhamuka isizukulwane esisha sama-polymers avimbela ukushisa, enikeza ukusebenza okuhlukile ezindaweni ezicindezelekile kakhulu.

Lo mbhalo ukhipha emhlabeni wokusebenza okuphezulu, ama-polymers amela ukushisa. Sizohlola izakhiwo ezibalulekile ezizenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifunwayo, zixoxe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-polmer amelana nokushisa, futhi ahlole ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwangempela komhlaba.

Ukuqonda ukumelana kokushisa kuma-polymers

Ukumelana nokushisa, owaziwa nangokuthi ukuqina okushisayo, kusho amandla we-polymer ukugcina isakhiwo sawo kanye nezakhiwo lapho kuvezwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bengxenye nokusebenza ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Kunezici eziningana ezibangela ukumelana nokushisa kwe-polymer:

• Ukushisa kwe-Glass Transition (TG):Lokhu kushisa lapho okuguqulwa khona kwe-polymer kusuka esimweni esiqinile, esinama-glassy kuya ku-RUNTERE ENYE. Ama-polymers anamanani aphezulu we-TG akhombisa ukumelana okushisa okungcono.
• Izinga lokushisa eli-thermal (TD):Lokhu kushisa lapho i-polymer iqala ukudiliza ngamakhemikhali. Ama-polymers anamanani aphezulu we-TD angamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphambi kokuwohloka kwenzeka.
• Isakhiwo samakhemikhali:Ukuhlelwa okuthile kwama-athomu namabhondi ngaphakathi kwe-polymer chain kuthonya ukuzinza kwayo okushisayo. Ama-polymers anezibopho eziqinile ezinamandla ngokuvamile zibonisa ukumelana nokushisa okungcono.

Izinhlobo zama-polymers avimbela ukushisa

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-polymers aphezulu anikela ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene. Nakhu ukubheka ezinye izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

• I-Polyimides (PI):Yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo okuvelele okuvelele, ama-PIS aqhayisa amanani aphezulu we-TG ne-TD amanani. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, i-elekthronikhi, nezicelo zezimoto ngenxa yezindawo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
• I-PolyketketketketketketketketketketketI-Peek inikeza inhlanganisela emangalisayo yokumelana nokushisa, ukumelana kwamakhemikhali, namandla okusebenza. Ithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ekufuneni imikhakha efana nokuhlolwa kwamafutha negesi, izingxenye zezimoto, kanye nezimpawu zezokwelapha.
• Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PFA, FAP):Lo mndeni wama-polymers, okubandakanya i-teflon ™, kukhombisa ukushisa okuhlukile nokumelana kwamakhemikhali. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni kukagesi, amasistimu wokuphatha uketshezi, kanye nezingubo zokunganamatheli ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo eziphansi zokuxabana.
• Silicone Polymers:Lawa ma-polymers aguquguqukayo anikela ngokumelana okuhle kokushisa, ukuqina, kanye nezakhiwo zokufakwa kukagesi. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-gaskets, izimpawu kanye nama-hoses ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
• I-Thermoplastics ephezulu (Peek, PPS, PSU):Lawa ma-thermoplastics athuthukile aqhayisa ukumelana okushisa okuhle kakhulu, amandla omshini, kanye ne-flame retardancy. Basebenza kakhulu ekufuneni izinhlelo zokusebenza njengezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto, izingxenye zikagesi, kanye nezakhiwo ze-aerospace.

Izicelo zama-polymers avimbela ukushisa

Ama-polymers avimbela ukushisa adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni eziphezulu. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezibalulekile:

• I-Aerospace:Izakhi zenjini, izihlangu zokushisa, nezingxenye zezakhiwo ezindizeni zidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuhlukile ukuze ubekezelele amazinga okushisa asebenza ngokweqile.
• I-Electronics:Amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe, izixhumi zikagesi, kanye nokupakishwa kwe-IC zincike kuma-polymers avimbela ukushisa ukuze akwazi ukuqina okuphezulu nokusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kokushisa.
• Izithuthi:Izingxenye zenjini, izingxenye ezingaphansi kwe-hood, kanye namathayi aphezulu okusebenza okuzuzayo kuma-polymers amelana nokushisa angaphatha amazinga okushisa aphezulu nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
• Ukuhlola uwoyela negesi:Izakhi ze-Donhole, amapayipi, nezimpawu ezisetshenziswa ku-oyili nokukhishwa kwegesi zidinga izinto ezingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi.
• Ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali:Amakhemikhali amakhemikhali, amathangi okugcina, nezinhlelo zamapayipi zivame ukuphatha uketshezi oluphezulu lwamakhemikhali namakhemikhali, afuna ama-polymers amelana nokushisa futhi amelana namakhemikhali.
• Amadivaysi ezokwelapha:Amadivayisi wezokwelapha angenakufinyeleleka, imishini yokufaka inzalo, kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlinza ezidinga izinto ezingamelana nezinqubo zokuhlanza okuqinile nezinqubo zokubulala amagciwane ezibandakanya amazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Ikusasa lama-polymers avimbela ukushisa

Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iqhubeka ngokucindezela imingcele yokumelana nokushisa kuma-polymers. Izinto ezintsha ezinamanani aphezulu we-TG kanye ne-TD ziyathuthukiswa, zinikeza amanye amathuba ezicelo eziphezulu zokucindezela. Ngokwengeziwe, ukugxila ekufaka imigomo yokusimama okuholela ekuhlolweni kwama-polmer asuselwa ukushisa asuselwa ekushiseni ukushisa kwezinyawo zezemvelo ezincishisiwe.

Ukugcina

Ama-polymers avimbela ukushisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni amandla okusebenza okuphezulu kanye nezinto ezithembekile zokufuna izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ezibalulekile nezinhlobo ezitholakalayo kuvumela onjiniyela kanye nabaqambi ukukhetha impahla efaneleke kakhulu yezidingo ezithile. Njengobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ikusasa linesithembiso sokuthi ama-polymers angamelana nokushisa aphawuleka kakhulu, aqhubekele phambili nemingcele yokuthi yini engenzeka ezindaweni ezicindezelekile kakhulu.