Esimeni sanamuhla sezimboni esinzima, izingxenye zihlala ziphushwa emikhawulweni yazo. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme, umfutho ophakeme, namakhemikhali anokhahlo kumane nje kuyinselele ezimbalwa ezibhekana nazo. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-polymer endabuko avame ukuwa, ehlisa isithunzi noma alahlekelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kokushisa okukhulu. Ngenhlanhla, sekuqhamuke isizukulwane esisha samapholima amelana nokushisa, anikeza ukusebenza okukhethekile ezindaweni ezinokucindezeleka okuphezulu.
Lesi sihloko sidingida umhlaba wamapholymers asebenza kahle kakhulu, amelana nokushisa. Sizohlola izici ezibalulekile ezizenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima, sixoxe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polymers amelana nokushisa, futhi sihlole ukusetshenziswa kwawo komhlaba wangempela.
Ukuqonda Ukumelana Nokushisa kumaPolymers
Ukumelana nokushisa, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kubhekisela emandleni e-polymer okugcina ukwakheka kwawo kanye nezakhiwo lapho kuvezwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho bengxenye nokusebenza ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezinomthelela ekwandeni kokushisa kwe-polymer:
- I-Glass Transition Temperature (Tg):Leli izinga lokushisa lapho i-polymer ishintsha khona isuka esimweni esiqinile, esiyingilazi iye kwesinerabha eyengeziwe. Ama-polymer anamanani aphezulu e-Tg abonisa ukumelana nokushisa okungcono.
- I-Thermal Decomposition Temperature (Td):Leli izinga lokushisa lapho i-polymer iqala khona ukuphuka ngamakhemikhali. Ama-polymer anamanani aphezulu e-Td angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza ngaphambi kokuba ukonakala.
- Isakhiwo Sekhemikhali:Ukuhlelwa okukhethekile kwama-athomu namabhondi ngaphakathi kweketango le-polymer kunomthelela ekuzinzeni kwawo okushisayo. Ama-polymer anamabhondi aqinile aqinile ngokuvamile abonisa ukumelana nokushisa okungcono.
Izinhlobo zamaPolymers amelana nokushisa
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-polymers asebenza kahle kakhulu zinikeza ukumelana nokushisa okukhethekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Nakhu ukubheka ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Polyimides (PI):Aziwa ngokuzinza kwawo okushisayo okuvelele, ama-PIs aqhosha ngamavelu aphezulu e-Tg ne-Td. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-aerospace, electronics, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
- Ama-Polyetherketones (PEEK):I-PEEK inikeza inhlanganisela emangalisayo yokumelana nokushisa, ukumelana namakhemikhali, namandla emishini. Ithola izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni edinga kakhulu njengokuhlola uwoyela negesi, izingxenye zezimoto, nezigxivizo zezokwelapha.
- Ama-Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PFA, FEP):Lo mndeni wama-polymers, okuhlanganisa i-Teflon™, ubonisa ukushisa okukhethekile nokumelana namakhemikhali. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekufakeni ugesi, amasistimu okubamba uketshezi, kanye nama-non stick coatings ngenxa yezindawo zawo eziphansi zokungqubuzana.
- I-Silicone Polymers:Lawa ma-polymers ahlukahlukene anikeza ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, ukunwebeka, kanye nezakhiwo zokufaka ugesi. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-gaskets, seal, namapayipi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
- I-High-performance Thermoplastics (PEEK, PPS, PSU):Lawa ma-thermoplastic athuthukisiwe aqhosha ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, amandla emishini, kanye nokubambezeleka komlilo. Ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifunwa kakhulu njengezingxenye zezimoto, izinto zikagesi, nezakhiwo ze-aerospace.
Izicelo zama-Polymers amelana nokushisa
Ama-polymers amelana nokushisa adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni ezinengcindezi ephezulu. Nazi izibonelo ezibalulekile:
- I-Aerospace:Izingxenye zenjini, izivikelo zokushisa, nezingxenye zesakhiwo endizeni zidinga ukumelana nokushisa okukhethekile ukuze zimelane namazinga okushisa asebenzayo.
- Ezogesi:Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe, izixhumi zikagesi, nokupakishwa kwe-IC kuncike kuma-polymers amelana nokushisa ukuze kube nokuzinza kwe-dimensional nokusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kokushisa.
- Ezezimoto:Izingxenye zenjini, izingxenye ezingaphansi kwe-hood, namathayi asebenza kahle kakhulu azuza kuma-polymers amelana nokushisa akwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezimo ezinzima.
- Ukuhlola Uwoyela Negesi:Izingxenye ze-Downhole, amapayipi, nezimpawu ezisetshenziswa ekukhishweni kukawoyela negesi kudinga izinto ezikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme nezingcindezi.
- Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali:Ama-reactors amakhemikhali, amathangi okugcina, nezinhlelo zamapayipi ngokuvamile zibamba uketshezi olunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu namakhemikhali, adinga ama-polymers amelana nokushisa namelana namakhemikhali.
- Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha:Imishini yezokwelapha efakelwayo, okokusebenza kokuvala inzalo, nezinto zokuhlinza zidinga izinto ezingamelana nokuhlanzwa okuqinile kanye nezinqubo zokubulala amagciwane ezihlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ikusasa Lama-Polymers Amelana Nokushisa
Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele yokumelana nokushisa kuma-polymer. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezintsha ezinamavelu e-Tg ne-Td aphakeme nakakhulu ziyathuthukiswa, zinikeza amanye amathuba ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Ukwengeza, ukugxila ekufakeni izimiso zokusimama kuholela ekuhloleni ama-polymers amelana nokushisa asuselwa ku-bio ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ama-polymers amelana nokushisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla ukusebenza okuphezulu nezinsimbi ezithembekile zokufuna izicelo zezimboni. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ezibalulekile nezinhlobo ezitholakalayo kuvumela onjiniyela nabaklami ukuthi bakhethe izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele izidingo ezithile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ikusasa liphethe isithembiso samapholima amelana nokushisa aphawuleka nakakhulu, aqhubekisela phambili imingcele yalokho okungafezeka ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 03-06-24