Isingeniso kupulasitiki

1. Yini ipulasitiki?

Amapulastiki amakhompiyutha e-polymeric enziwe nge-monomer njengempahla eluhlaza ngokuhlanganisa noma nge-polymerization ye-condensation.

Iketango le-polymer liyi-photopolymer uma lenziwe i-polymerized kusuka ku-monomer eyodwa. Uma kukhona ama-monomers amaningi ochungechungeni lwe-polymer, i-polymer iyi-copolymer. Ngamanye amazwi, ipulasitiki iyi-polymer.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamapulasitiki

Amapulasitiki angahlukaniswa abe amapulasitiki e-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermosetting ngokusho kombuso ngemuva kokushiswa.

Ipulasitiki ye-Thermosetting iyipulasitiki enezindawo zokufudumeza, ukuphulukisa nokungancibiliki, hhayi ukuncibilika. Le pulasitiki ingakhiwa kanye kuphela.

Ngokuvamile isebenza kahle kakhulu kagesi, futhi ingamelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza.

Kodwa okubi kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi ijubane lokucubungula lihamba kancane futhi ukugaywa kabusha kwempahla kunzima.

Amanye amapulasitiki ajwayelekile we-thermosetting afaka:

Ipulasitiki ye-Phenol (yezibambo zebhodwe);

I-Melamine (esetshenziswa ku-laminates epulasitiki);

I-epoxy resin (yezinamathiselo);

I-polyester engasetshenzisiwe (ye-hull);

I-Vinyl lipids (esetshenziswa emizimbeni yezimoto);

I-polyurethane (yezinsimbi namagwebu).

I-Thermoplastic uhlobo lwepulasitiki oluthambile ezingeni lokushisa elithile, luqina ngemva kokupholisa, futhi lungaphinda inqubo.

Ngakho-ke, i-thermoplastics ingaphinda isetshenziswe.

Lezi zinto ngokuvamile zingaphinda zisetshenziswe izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokuthi ukusebenza kwazo kubi.

3. Ukucubungula ipulasitiki nezindlela zokwakha

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki kusuka ezinhlayiyeni kuya emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene eqediwe, okulandelayo kusetshenziswa kakhulu:

Ukubumba umjovo (indlela yokucubungula ejwayelekile kakhulu);

I-Blow molding (ukwenza amabhodlela nemikhiqizo engenalutho);

Ukubunjwa kwe-Extrusion (ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi, amapayipi, amaphrofayili, izintambo);

Ukwakhiwa kwefilimu (ukwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki);

Ukubumba ama-roll (ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo emikhulu engenalutho, njengeziqukathi, ama-buoy);

Ukwakhiwa kwe-vacuum (ukukhiqizwa kokupakisha, ibhokisi lokuvikela)

4. Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki avamile

Ipulasitiki ingahlukaniswa ngamapulasitiki ajwayelekile, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela, amapulasitiki akhethekile wobunjiniyela nokunye.

Ipulasitiki evamile: ibhekisela epulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwethu, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zepulasitiki ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS nokunye.

Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela: amapulasitiki asetshenziswa njengezinto zobunjiniyela futhi njengengxenye yensimbi lapho kwakhiwa izingxenye zomshini, njll.

Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela anokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okubanzi, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukukhasa, amandla aphezulu emishini, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, ukufakwa kahle kukagesi, futhi angasetshenziswa kumakhemikhali anonya kanye nendawo ebonakalayo isikhathi eside.

Njengamanje, amapulasitiki amahlanu obunjiniyela ajwayelekile: i-PA(polyamide), i-POM(polyformaldehyde), i-PBT(i-polybutylene terephthalate), i-PC(i-polycarbonate) ne-PPO(i-polyphenyl ether) asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene ngemva kokuguqulwa.

Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela akhethekile: amapulasitiki obunjiniyela akhethekile abhekisela ohlotsheni lwepulasitiki lobunjiniyela olusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza okukhethekile nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside elingaphezu kuka-150 ℃. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa electronics, zikagesi, izimboni ezikhethekile kanye nezinye izinkambu zobuchwepheshe.

Kukhona i-polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), i-polyimide (PI), i-polyether ether ketene (PEEK), i-liquid crystal polymer (LCP), inayiloni yokushisa ephezulu (PPA), njll.

5. Iyini ipulasitiki ebolayo?

Amapulasitiki esivame ukuwasebenzisa ama-macromolecules amaketanga amade ane-polymerized kakhulu futhi okunzima ukuwahlakaza endaweni yemvelo. Ukushiswa noma ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu, ngakho-ke abantu babheka amapulasitiki awonakele ukuze banciphise ukucindezela kwemvelo.

Amapulasitiki awonakaliswayo ahlukaniswa kakhulu abe amapulasitiki angaboleka izithombe kanye namapulasitiki abolayo.

Amapulasitiki abolayo isithombe: Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nokushisa, iketango le-polymer esakhiweni sepulasitiki liyaphuka, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokucekelwa phansi.

Amapulasitiki angaboli: Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-microorganisms emvelweni aphula amaketanga amade ezakhiwo ze-polymer, futhi ekugcineni izingcezu zepulasitiki zigaywe futhi zigaywe ama-microorganisms emanzini nase-carbon dioxide.

Njengamanje, amapulasitiki awonakaliswayo athengiswa kahle afaka i-PLA, i-PBAT, njll