Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezidingo ezikhulayo zokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kanye nokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuzwelonke, imboni yezimpahla ezibolayo yaseChina ilethe ithuba elihle lokuthuthuka.
Izinto ezintsha ezibolayo, eziholwa amapulasitiki abolayo, abhekwa njengekhambi eliphumelela kakhulu “ekungcoleni okumhlophe” kwamapulasitiki alahlwayo, ziya ngokuya ziqashelwa abantu.
Okulandelayo, ngingathanda ukwethula ezinye izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezibolayo.
I-PLA
I-Polylactic acid (i-Poly lactic acid PLA) iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke eyonakalayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polylactide, engekho emvelweni futhi ngokuvamile yenziwe i-polymerized nge-lactic acid njengento eluhlaza eyinhloko.
Isimiso esijwayelekile siwukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa kwesitashi zifakwa ku-glucose, bese kuthi i-glucose namagciwane athile avutshelwe ukuze akhiqize i-lactic acid ehlanzekile, bese kuthi i-polylactic acid enesisindo esithile samangqamuzana ihlanganiswe ngokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali.
I-PBAT.
I-PBAT ingeyamapulasitiki asebenziseka kalula nge-thermoplastic. Kuyi-copolymer ye-butylene adipate ne-butylene terephthalate. Inezici zakho kokubili i-PBA ne-PBT. Ayinayo nje i-ductility enhle kanye ne-elongation ngesikhathi sekhefu, kodwa futhi inokumelana nokushisa okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zomthelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-biodegradability enhle kakhulu.
Phakathi kwazo, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-butanediol, i-oxalic acid ne-PTA zitholakala kalula futhi zingacutshungulwa kabanzi ngezindlela eziningi, njengokubunjwa komjovo, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukubunjwa kokushaywa nokunye.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ebolayo esetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu emakethe ishintshiwe noma yahlanganiswa, lapho i-PBAT isetshenziswa kakhulu ne-PLA. Isibonelo, isikhwama sepulasitiki esibolayo esisetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu siyinhlanganisela ye-PLA ne-PBAT.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziwela phansi phakathi kwe-PBAT ne-PLA
I-PBS.
I-PBS ibizwa nge-polybutylene succinate. Ngawo-1990s, iShowa Polymer Company yaseJapan yaqala yasebenzisa i-isocyanate njenge-chain extender futhi yasabela nge-polyester enesisindo esiphansi ehlanganiswe yi-Polycondensation ye-dicarboxylic glycol ukuze kulungiswe ama-polymers anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu. I-PBS polyester yaqala ukuheha ukunaka okubanzi njengohlobo olusha lwamapulasitiki angaboli. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-polyester endabuko abolayo, i-PBS inezinzuzo zezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, indawo encibilikayo ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. umthombo wawo wempahla eluhlaza ungatholwa hhayi kuphela emithonjeni ye-petroleum, kodwa futhi nakwimithombo ye-biological fermentation. ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi uwoyela nezinye izinsiza ezingavuseleleki ziya ngokuya ziphela, lesi sici sinokubaluleka okufinyelele kude.
Isifinyezo, ukuqhathanisa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo phakathi kwe-PBS,PLS,PBAT ne-PHA
Njengamanje, izinto ezibonakalayo zamapulasitiki angaboli asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlukile. I-PLA inokucaca okuhle, ukucwebezela, indawo ephezulu yokuncibilika namandla, kodwa ukuqina okuqinile okuphansi kanye nokucwebezela. I-PBAT inezici zakho kokubili i-PBA ne-PBT, futhi inokudubeka okuhle nokunwetshwa ngesikhathi sekhefu. Kodwa isithiyo sayo somhwamuko wamanzi kanye nesithiyo somoya-mpilo simpofu. I-PBS inokumelana namanzi okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezakhiwo ezibanzi, iwindi lokushisa elibanzi lokucubungula, futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula kumapulasitiki awonakalayo jikelele. Izinga lokushisa elishisayo le-PBS lisondele ku-100C, futhi lingaba phezulu kuno-100C ngemva kokuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, i-PBS iphinde ibe nokushiyeka okuthile okufana namandla okuncibilika aphansi kanye nezinga lokucwebezela kancane. Mayelana nokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo, izimo zokuwohloka kwe-PLA ziqinile, i-PBS ne-PBAT kulula ukwehliswa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-biodegradation ye-PLA, i-PBS kanye ne-PBAT angeke yenzeke ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, futhi ngokuvamile iyancipha ngama-enzyme nama-microorganisms endaweni yomquba, inhlabathi, amanzi kanye nodaka olucushiwe.
Ukufingqa, ukusebenza kwempahla eluhlaza yepulasitiki ewohlokayo inamaphutha ayo, kepha ngemuva kwe-copolymerization, ukuxubana, izinsiza kanye nokunye ukuguqulwa, kungamboza ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki alahlwayo njenge-PE, PP ekupakishweni, kwendwangu, ezitsheni ezilahlwayo. njalo njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 20-12-22