Qinisekisa ukomisa
Inayiloni ine-hygroscopic eyengeziwe, uma ibekwe emoyeni isikhathi eside, izomunca umswakama emkhathini. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwendawo yokuncibilika (cishe u-254 ° C), ama-molecule amanzi asabela ngamakhemikhali enayiloni. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali, okubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrolysis noma i-cleavage, i-oxidize inayiloni futhi iyikhiphe umbala. Isisindo samangqamuzana nokuqina kwe-resin kuyancipha, futhi uketshezi luyakhula. Umswakama othathwe ipulasitiki kanye negesi eqhephukile ezingxenyeni ezihlangene zokuhlanganisa, ukukhanya kwakheka ebusweni abushelelezi, okusanhlamvu kwesiliva, amachashaza, ama-microspores, ama-bubbles, ukuncibilika okunzima ukunwetshwa akukwazi ukwakhiwa noma ukwakhiwa ngemuva kokuba amandla omshini ehle kakhulu. Ekugcineni, inayiloni eqhekezwe yile hydrolysis ayinakuncishiswa ngokuphelele futhi ngeke iphinde isetshenziswe ngisho noma yomiswe kabusha.
Izinto zenayiloni ngaphambi kokusebenza kokumisa umjovo kumele zithathwe ngokungathi sína, ukomisa kuze kube yiliphi izinga ngokwezidingo zemikhiqizo eqediwe okufanele unqume, ngokuvamile ngo-0.25% ngezansi, bekungeke kudlule u-0.1%, inqobo nje uma impahla eluhlaza yomile, ukubumba komjovo kulula, izingxenye ngeke zilethe izinkinga eziningi ngekhwalithi.
Inayiloni yayisebenzise kangcono ukomisa i-vacuum, ngoba isimo sokushisa somfutho womoya womoya siphezulu, impahla eluhlaza okufanele yomiswe isekhona ukuxhumana komoya-mpilo emoyeni kanye nokwenzeka kokushintsha kombala kwe-oxidation, i-oxidation ngokweqile nayo izoba nomphumela ophambene, ngakho-ke. ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-brittle.
Uma kungekho mishini yokomisa i-vacuum, ukomiswa kwe-atmospheric kungasetshenziswa kuphela, nakuba umphumela ungalungile. Kunamagama amaningi ahlukene ezimo zokomisa komoya, kodwa nanka ambalwa. Eyokuqala 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃, impahla ugqinsi ungqimba 20mm, bhaka 24h ~ 30h; Eyesibili ayidluli ku-10h uma yomisa ngaphansi kuka-90 ℃; Okwesithathu ku-93 ℃ noma ngezansi, ukomisa 2h ~ 3h, ngoba ekushiseni komoya okungaphezu kuka-93 ℃ futhi okuqhubekayo 3h ngaphezulu, kungenzeka ukwenza ushintsho lombala wenayiloni, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa kufanele lehliswe libe ngu-79 ℃; Okwesine ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngaphezu kuka-100℃, noma ngisho no-150℃, ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kokuchayeka kwenayiloni emoyeni isikhathi eside noma ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini yokomisa; Okwesihlanu umshini wokubumba umjovo womshini wokushisa we-hopper oshisayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya oshisayo ku-hopper liphakanyiswe lingabi ngaphansi kuka-100 ℃ noma ngaphezulu, ukuze umswakama osepulasitiki uhwamuke. Khona-ke umoya oshisayo uyasuswa eduze kwe-hopper.
Uma ipulasitiki eyomile ivezwa emoyeni, izothatha ngokushesha amanzi emoyeni futhi ilahlekelwe umphumela wokumisa. Ngisho nasemshinini omboziwe we-hopper, isikhathi sokugcina akufanele sibe side kakhulu, ngokuvamile singabi ngaphezu kwehora elingu-1 ezinsukwini zemvula, izinsuku ezinelanga zilinganiselwe amahora angu-3.
Lawula izinga lokushisa lomgqomo
Izinga lokushisa elinayiloni elincibilikayo liphezulu, kodwa lapho lifika endaweni yokuncibilika, i-viscosity yayo iphansi kakhulu kune-thermoplastics evamile njenge-polystyrene, ngakho-ke ukwakha uketshezi akuyona inkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezakhiwo ze-rheological zenayiloni, i-viscosity ebonakalayo iyancipha lapho izinga le-shear likhuphuka, futhi izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lincane, phakathi kuka-3 ℃ no-5 ℃, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lempahla liyisiqinisekiso sokugcwalisa isikhunta esibushelelezi.
Kodwa inayiloni esesimweni sokuncibilika lapho ukuzinza okushisayo kumpofu, ukucubungula impahla ephezulu kakhulu, isikhathi eside sokushisa singaholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-polymer, ukuze imikhiqizo ivele njengamabhamuza, amandla ehla. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lesigaba ngasinye somgqomo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile, ukuze i-pellet ekushiseni okuphezulu okuncibilika, isimo sokushisa sibe nengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka, enye iyunifomu, ukugwema ukuncibilika okubi kanye nesenzakalo sokushisa kwendawo. Ngokuqondene nokubunjwa okuphelele, izinga lokushisa lomphongolo akufanele lidlule i-300 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokushisa se-pellet emgqonyeni akufanele sidlule i-30min.
Izingxenye zemishini ezithuthukisiwe
Esokuqala isimo esisemgqonyeni, nakuba kunenani elikhulu lomjovo oya phambili wezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa ukugeleza okubuyela emuva kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe ku-screw groove kanye nokuvuza phakathi kobuso bokuphela kwesikulufu kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho othambekele. ngenxa ye-liquidity enkulu, enganciphisi nje kuphela ukucindezela komjovo osebenzayo kanye nenani lokuphakelayo, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuvimbela ukuqhubeka okushelelayo kokuphakelayo, ukuze isikulufu singakwazi ukuhlehla. Ngakho-ke, i-loop yokuhlola kufanele ifakwe ngaphambili komgqomo ukuvimbela ukugeleza emuva. Kodwa ngemva kokufaka indandatho yesheke, izinga lokushisa lempahla kufanele lenyuswe ngo-10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ ngokufanele, ukuze ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kunxeshezelwe.
Eyesibili i-nozzle, isenzo somjovo siqediwe, i-screw back, insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni somlilo ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyinsalela ingase iphume ku-nozzle, okungukuthi, okuthiwa "i-salivation phenomenon". Uma izinto ezizofakwa emgodini zizokwenza izingxenye ezinamabala abandayo noma kube nzima ukugcwalisa, uma umlomo wombhobho ngokumelene nesikhunta ngaphambi kokususwa, futhi wandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkathazo, umnotho awubizi. Kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula izinga lokushisa lembobo ngokusetha indandatho yokufudumeza ehlelwe ngokuhlukile kubhobho, kodwa indlela eyinhloko ukushintsha umbhobho ngombhobho wevalvu yasentwasahlobo. Yiqiniso, izinto zasentwasahlobo ezisetshenziswa yilolu hlobo lwe-nozzle kumele zimelane nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho lizolahlekelwa umphumela walo wokunwebeka ngenxa yokucindezela okuphindaphindiwe kwe-annealing ekushiseni okuphezulu.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhipha umoya ophumayo futhi ulawule izinga lokushisa lokufa
Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokuncibilika inayiloni, futhi, iphuzu layo lokuqandisa liphakeme, izinto ezincibilikayo zibe isikhunta esibandayo zingaqiniswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenxa yokushisa okuwela ngaphansi kwendawo yokuncibilika, ukuvimbela ukuqedwa kwesenzo sokugcwalisa isikhunta. , ngakho-ke umjovo wesivinini esikhulu kufanele usetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane noma izingxenye zebanga lokugeleza okude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhunta ngesivinini esiphezulu kuletha inkinga yokukhipha i-cavity, isikhunta se-nylon kufanele sibe nezinyathelo ezanele zokuqeda.
Inayiloni inezidingo zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu kune-thermoplastics evamile. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesikhunta lilungele ukugeleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Inkinga ukuthi izinga lokupholisa elincibilikayo ngemva kokugcwalisa i-cavity linomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni nasezimpahleni zezingcezu zenayiloni. Ikakhulukazi ilele ku-crystallization yayo, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lisesimweni se-amorphous lingena emgodini, i-crystallization yaqala, ubukhulu bezinga le-crystallization lingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi lesikhunta kanye nezinga lokudlulisa ukushisa. Lapho izingxenye ezincanyana ezinobude obuphezulu, ukukhanya okuhle nokuqina kuyadingeka, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phansi ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokucwebezela. Lapho udonga oluqinile olunokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kokugqoka kanye nokuguqulwa okuncane okusetshenziswayo kuyadingeka, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phezulu ukuze kwandiswe izinga le-crystallization. Izidingo zokushisa kwesikhunta inayiloni ziphakeme, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokuncipha kwalo lokwakheka likhulu, lapho lishintsha lisuka esimweni esincibilikisiwe liye esimweni esiqinile ukuncipha kwevolumu kukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yodonga oluwugqinsi, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphansi kakhulu kuzodala igebe langaphakathi. Kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lesikhunta lilawulwa kahle lapho ubukhulu bezingxenye bukwazi ukuzinza.
Ibanga lokulawula izinga lokushisa lesikhunta senayiloni lingu-20℃~90℃. Kungcono ukuba nakho kokubili ukupholisa (njengamanzi ompompi) nokushisisa (njenge-plug-in electric heat rod) idivayisi.
I-Annealing kanye ne-humidification
Ukuze kusetshenziswe izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-80 ℃ noma izidingo ezinembayo eziqinile zezingxenye, ngemuva kokubunjwa kufanele kufakwe uwoyela noma upharafini. Izinga lokushisa le-annealing kufanele libe ngu-10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lesevisi, futhi isikhathi kufanele sibe cishe i-10min ~ 60min ngokusho kobukhulu. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-anneal, kufanele ipholile kancane. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-annealing nokushisa, ikristalu yenayiloni enkulu ingatholakala, futhi ukuqina kuyathuthukiswa. Izingxenye ze-Crystallized, ushintsho lokuminyana luncane, hhayi ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka. Izingxenye ezilungiswe ngendlela yokupholisa kungazelelwe zinokucwebezela okuphansi, ikristalu encane, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokungafihli lutho.
Ukwengeza i-nucleating ejenti yenayiloni, ukubumba umjovo kungakhiqiza ikristalu enkulu ye-crystallinity, kunganciphisa umjikelezo womjovo, ukucaca nokuqina kwezingxenye kuye kwathuthukiswa.
Izinguquko kumswakama we-ambient zingashintsha usayizi wezingcezu zenayiloni. Inayiloni ngokwayo izinga lokuncipha liphakeme, ukuze kugcinwe okungcono kakhulu kuzinzile, kungasebenzisa amanzi noma isixazululo esinamanzi ukukhiqiza ukwelashwa okumanzi. Indlela yokucwilisa izingxenye emanzini abilayo noma isixazululo samanzi se-potassium acetate (isilinganiso se-potassium acetate namanzi ngu-1.25:100, indawo yokubilisa engu-121 ℃), isikhathi sokucwiliswa sincike ekugqitheni kodonga lwezingxenye, 1.5mm 2h. , 3mm 8h, 6mm 16h. Ukwelashwa kwe-Humidification kungathuthukisa ukwakheka kwekristalu yepulasitiki, kuthuthukise ukuqina kwezingxenye, futhi kuthuthukise ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, futhi umphumela ungcono kunokwelashwa kwe-annealing.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 03-11-22