Emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, amapulasitiki wobunjiniyela, aziwa nangokuthi amapulasitiki okusebenza, agqama njengekilasi lama-polymers asebenza kahle akwazi ukubekezelela izingcindezi zemishini ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa kanye nokumelana nezimo ezinonya zamakhemikhali nezomzimba. Lezi zinto ziyaziwa ngokulinganisela kwazo okuyingqayizivele kwamandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokushisa, ubulukhuni, nokumelana nokuguga. Ngamagama alula, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela "ayi-crème de la crème" yemboni yepulasitiki, asebenza njengezinsika ezibalulekile kulo mkhakha.
Ukuqonda Engineering Plastics
Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela awenziwa alinganayo. Bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
1. I-Thermoplastics:Lawa mapulasitiki ayathamba futhi ancibilike lapho eshiswa, okuwavumela ukuba abunjwe abe yizimo ezihlukahlukene. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka:
- I-Polycarbonate (PC):Idume ngokubonakala kwayo okukhethekile, ukumelana nomthelela, nokuzinza kohlangothi.
- I-Polyamide (PA):Ibonakala ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka.
- I-Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET):Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukumelana kwayo namakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, kanye nezakhiwo zebanga lokudla.
- I-Polyoxymethylene (POM):Iyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kobukhulu obukhethekile, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, nokuqina okuphezulu.
2. Thermosets:Ngokungafani ne-thermoplastics, ama-thermosets aqina unomphela lapho ephulukiswa, awenze angabi lula. Izibonelo zifaka:
- Ama-resin epoxy:Ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nezakhiwo zokuvala ugesi.
- I-Phenolic resins:Ziyaziwa ngokumelana kwazo okuhle kakhulu nomlilo, ukumelana namakhemikhali, nokuzinza kwe-dimensional.
- I-Silicone resins:Baziwa ngokumelana nezinga lokushisa okwedlulele, ukuguquguquka, kanye ne-biocompatibility.
Izicelo Zezinto Zobunjiniyela Bepulasitiki
Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela agcwele izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile kanye nokuhlukahluka. Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphawulekayo:
1. Ezezimoto:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto ngenxa yemvelo yawo engasindi, amandla, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
2. Ezogesi Nezogesi:Izakhiwo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ugesi zenza amapulasitiki obunjiniyela alungele izingxenye zikagesi, izixhumi namabhodi wesekethe.
3. Izinto zikagesi:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela athola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zikagesi ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukumelana nokushisa, nokumelana namakhemikhali.
4. Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha:I-biocompatibility yabo kanye nokumelana nokuvala inzalo kwenza amapulasitiki obunjiniyela afanele izimila zezokwelapha, amathuluzi okuhlinza, kanye namadivayisi okulethwa kwezidakamizwa.
5. Umkhathi:Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace ngenxa yesilinganiso sawo esikhulu samandla nesisindo, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elidlulele, nokumelana nokukhathala.
Ukukhetha Okufanelekile Kwezinto Zepulasitiki Zobunjiniyela
Ukukhetha impahla yepulasitiki yobunjiniyela efanele yohlelo oluthile kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:
- Izakhiwo zemishini:Amandla, ukuqina, i-ductility, ukumelana nomthelela, nokumelana nokukhathala.
- Izici ezishisayo:Ukumelana nokushisa, indawo yokuncibilika, izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi, kanye ne-thermal conductivity.
- Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:Ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana ne-solvent, kanye ne-biocompatibility.
- Izici zokucubungula:I-Moldability, machinability, kanye ne-weldability.
- Izindleko nokutholakala:Izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokutholakala.
Isiphetho
Izinto zepulasitiki zobunjiniyela ziguqule izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezimangalisayo kanye nokusebenza okubanzi. Ikhono lazo lokumelana nezindawo ezinzima, kuhambisana nokuhlukahluka kwazo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kuzenze zaba izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo. Njengoba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ithuthuka, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela akulungele ukuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezinto ezintsha.
Ngokuhlanganisa amagama angukhiye okuqondiwe kuwo kuyo yonke ibhulogi futhi amukele ifomethi ehlelekile, lokhu okuqukethwe kulungiselelwa ukubonakala kwenjini yokusesha. Ukufakwa kwezithombe ezifanele nezihlokwana ezifundisayo kuthuthukisa ukufundeka nokuzibandakanya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 06-06-24